An overarching feature of all three Islamic empires was the ethnic and religious diversity of the subject populations. What measures did the rulers of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal states take to maintain harmony among the different ethnic and religious communities

They adopted bureaucratic measures

Explanation:

The overarching feature of all three Islamic empires was the ethnic and religious diversity of the subject populations.

The rulers of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal states take to maintain harmony among the different ethnic and religious communities was however achieved as result of the bureaucratic measures adopted which had some form of strict rules and guidelines to protect the interest of the population and avoid any form of violence.

the answer is b.2008 and 2012 were presidential election years.