When nations population grows faster than its ability to provide for it

Explanation:

Rapid population growth is most beneficial when labor is far more scarce than available land or capital. The period of colonization in the Americas is a good example. Lot's of potential for developing cash crops (e.g., tobacco, sugar, cotton), but not many laborers to work the land.

julius caesar turned the roman republic into the roman empire by coming in and taking the "dictator" role during the time of a civil war (elites vs lower classes) winning battles and reputation, then declaring him dictator for life

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sonar maybe? ? i dont know the choices