Do you agree or disagree with Hamilton and Madison’s initial logic that the bill. of rights was essentially unnecessary ?

No, I do not agree with their view.

Hamilton and Madison believed that a bill of rights would limit the rights that would be protected by the constitution, because some rights would be specified while others wouldn't.

I do not agree, and I believe that it is important that the constitution has a bill of rights precisely because it states clearly what rights should be protected, and in which manner.

If new rights are found or accepted by society as a whole in the future, new amendments to the bill of rights can be added.

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.