What technology and knowledge did the Spanish need to get to Tenochtitlan?

Battle of Otumba

Before reaching Tlaxcala, the scanty Spanish forces arrived at the plain of Otumba Valley (Otompan), where they were met by a vast Aztec army intent on their destruction. The Aztecs intended to cut short the Spanish retreat from Tenochtitlan and annihilate them.

what are local authorities doing to fix the problem

explanation: what are local authorities doing to fix the problem