Who were the winners and losers from the exploits of companies like the VOC?

The Winners from the companies like the VOC were the merchants, Dutch people who invested their money in it.

Explanation:

The Dutch East India Company began in Holland in 1602 as a chartered company to trade outside Europe. During this period, the spice trade dominated by the Portuguese in Europe. As the Portuguese began to have trouble in trading, the Dutch saw the opportunity to enter the spice trade.

The losers from the exploits of companies like the VOC were India and other Dutch colonies in Asia from where the Dutch acquired spices at a lower price to trade in Europe. The companies in India began to exploit the natives by taking expensive materials and goods at a lower price.    

a.that is my answer.

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