7. Which of the following statements best describes a major impact of the Columbian
Exchange on Europe?
a) Immigration from the Western Hemisphere significantly altered the ethnic makeup of
Europe.
b) New draft animals from the Western Hemisphere greatly increased the productivity of
European farmers.
c) New food crops from the Western Hemisphere promoted longer life spans in Europe.
d) New diseases from the Western Hemisphere killed close to 90 percent of Europe's pre-
Columbian population,