Identifying Point of View
Which statements best summarize the author's
thoughts about the Patriot Act? Check all that apply.
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Hastily passed 45 days after 9/11 in the name of
national security, the Patriot Act was the first of
many changes to surveillance laws that made it
easier for the government to spy on ordinary
Americans by expanding the authority to monitor
phone and email communications, collect bank
and credit reporting records, and track the
activity of innocent Americans on the Internet.
While most Americans think it was created to
catch terrorists, the Patriot Act actually turns
regular citizens into suspects
Under the Patriot Act, National Security Letters
(NSLs) are issued by FBI agents, without a
judge's approval, to obtain personal information,
including phone records. computer records.
The act makes it easier for the government to spy
on Americans' Internet activity
The act makes it easier for the government to
collect Americans' bank records.
The act makes it harder for the government to
track potential terrorists using credit history.
The powers granted to the government have had
little effect on terror-related convictions.
The powers granted to the government make it
harder to keep Americans safe because of privacy
protections

a best description that resulted a division among labor in the early farming communities in their period was there was a change in their society in terms of having social roles to develop and change that led complications and divisions in the society.

a hypothesis is an expected answer to a question, usually based on some theory or prior research. hypothesis testing is a method of determining the viability of a hypothesis. let’s use the us presidential election as an example. there are many hypotheses (questions) about how people feel or whom they will vote for. the only way to know the 100% “truth” about the answers to these questions is to ask every single possible voter – something that is impossible, expensive, time consuming etc. instead, we take samples and use statistics to make “best guesses” about the answer to a particular hypothesis. we never know for sure if our conclusion is right at the time we accept/reject it, but these techniques, when used appropriately can get us close to the truth most of the time (which is a lot better than guessing, flipping coins or throwing darts to get answers).

the tricky part about hypothesis testing is that we have to think somewhat backwards about it – we have to test what is known as the “null hypothesis”. as an example, the hypothesis might be “obama is more popular than romney” while the null hypothesis is “there is no difference in popularity between obama and romney”. we focus on the null hypothesis because it tells us exactly what the expected value of our tests should be (obama popularity = romney popularity) and we can collect data and see if it comes out that way (see next section on “significance”). if it does, then we “accept the null hypothesis” and reject our original hypothesis. if the null hypothesis is disproven, we look at the data to see if our original hypothesis holds (obama> romney).