Which of the following statements about the interactions between insects and trees is not true?

a. for some species of trees, insects are required for pollination.
b. trees provide necessary shelter for a variety of insect species.
c. insects have predatory relationships with trees, rather than mutually beneficial ones.
d. insects can cause loss of tree productivity and even death.

The only false statement is that insects have predatory relationships with trees, rather than mutually.

Explanation:

Insects don't have a predator or parasite relationships with trees, actually, insects in many cases take care of trees parasites. First of all, because they have a mutualistic relationship, these are characterized by the special equilibrium between 2 species that obtain benefit from each other. On the first hand, insects can find sources of food from plants without killing them. They also can use resources from parts of the plant that are no longer related to them, like fallen branches or leaves. While in contrast, Trees can benefit from insects cleaning their trunks, their floor and by providing them fertilizer.  So, the statement declaring that insects are tres and plant predators are false.

The answer is C. Just took the test..

it will be innate immunity. good luck with your test : )!

oh and if you need . ask the question

the three answers (for plato at least) are:

b-condemned sola fida 

d-set rules for establishing seminaries and for educating clerics in the seminaries 

f-recommended moderation in the sale of indulgences and banned the sale of false indulgences