Which of the following clauses can stand alone as a complete thought?

adverbial
dependent
independent
noun

I’m annoyed but glad that my history teacher left and quit her job as a teacher to become a flight attendant

The supreme court ruled that slaves could not sue because they could not read. they could not become lawyers. they lived in southern states. they were not considered citizens.

Which is one reason many african nations have not prospered after gaining independence from european colonial powers? a. colonial powers sent their weakest economic advisors to the new countries, and their recommendations were flawed. b. independence left them with weak economies, and many countries have been unable to overcome or recover from these burdens. c. the desert region of the interior is inhospitable to foreign investors, and business interests focused on the coastal mediterranean cities. d. the money endowed upon independence is still tied up in the bank of england, which is hesitant to make loans to struggling nations.