President Lincoln did not include union border states in the emancipation proclamation because he wanted to

Wanted to keep the border states loyal to the union

the fact that could also be added to column b is that during world war ii, specifically between the years 1941 and 1945, japan expanded its territory towards the indonesian territory in what was known later as part of the "pacific war". in that time, japan could conquer the philipines, singapore,   borneo, central java, malang, cebu, sumatra and various other islands of the area, therefore expanding its territory for a brief period of time.

b. the passage of the equal rights amendment  

explanation:

this mean that anything that someone else could do they could do