What role did the Western Church play in inciting the Crusades?

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Explanation:

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in 1095 Pope Urban II appealed at Clermont for aid to the Eastern Christians against the Turks. They had conquered Jerusalem and threatened Constantinople itself. He received an enthusiastic response and the first Crusade soon set out overland. They captured Jerusalem in 1099. Four crusader states were established, ibcluding the 'Latin Kingdom' of Jerusalem.

It incited the Crusades by claiming soldiers could combine pilgrimage to a holy place with what it claimed was a 'holy' war. Religious motives were the driving forces behind the Crusade.

From the beginning the papacy was prominently involved in the movement. It issued incentives to go on crusade, such as immunity from taxes and debt payment, protection of crusaders' property and families, and especially the indulgence, which supposedly guaranteed the crusader's entry into heaven and reduced or abolished his time in what the Catholics called purgatory.

The popes sent out crusade preachers, organized financial support and sought to provide transport (usually by sea). It was all part of the expansionist plans of the papacy after centuries of being on the defensive against Islam and paganism.

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answer is c.