1. Consider the following people from 19th-century Britain: factory worker,
shop owner, factory owner, unemployed artisan. Which of them would be
most likely to prefer capitalism and which would prefer socialism? Why?

Of these four, the factory worker and the unemployed artisan would prefer socialism, while the factory owner and the shop owner would prefer capitalism.

The reason why the artisan and the factory worker would prefer socialism is because socialism teaches that production, exchange and distribution has to be under the joint ownership and regulation of everyone that lives in the society.

The factory owner and the shop owner would want capitalism because this economic system believes that the trade and commerce in a place has to be controlled by private owners so that they can make more profits.

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The factory workers and the unemployed artisans would prefer socialism and the other two would not.

Explanation:

In the 19th century Britain the working condition of a factory worker was terrible and the condition of the artisans that had gone out of favor was even more despicable.

Thus, they would prefer there be some sort of support from the government to feed them and to give them a better life.

The factory owners and the shop owners had been profiting from their position of power and were rearming a lot so they would not care for a system of governance that can take that away from them.