refers to the pre-Renaissance period (c.1300-1400) in Italy, and the activities of progressive painters such as Giotto (1267-1337), who pioneered the new form of figurative "realism", which was fully developed by other artists during the era.

100 points 53. how have developed western countries affected non-western developing nations during the modern period? explain how three political, economic, and/or cultural approaches by european and other western countries shaped the developing world over the last 250 years. use examples from your studies to support your ideas and opinions.