A term applied to industrial democracies that adopt various government-guaranteed social-welfare programs. The creation of Social Security and other measures of the Second New Deal fundamentally changed American society and established this for the first time.

Welfare state, is the right answer.

Explanation:

A form of government which protects and promotes the social and economic well being of its subjects by following the very policy of equal opportunity, an equal distribution of wealth and basic services to those who can not avail by their own for a good life is known as a welfare state. Such governments run various social welfare programs.  

i am not 100% positive but i think it is is b. both are non-partisan jobs

i am pretty sure that members of congress have term limits, can be impeached, and are nominated through direct popular vote.