In dessert regions, what can lead to conflict

Which of the following week is not characteristic of a nation-state? a. nationalism b. sovereignty c. a national identity c. numerous village kings

What would lead a historian to consider two events to have a relationship of correlation rather than causation?

The indian national congress and the indian national army were the two wings of the freedom movement in india. a. which of these would you have joined? give reasons for your answer. b. why according to you was the indian national army not able to reach where it actually wanted? answer it quickly plsss