Catherine the great of russia a. used the liberal ideas of the enlightenment to modern russia's laws b. eased the heavy burden previously placed on the serfs c. fought successful wars against turkey and poland d. made the tax system of her country more equitable

Catherine the Great of Russia was also known as the Catherine II. She was the female ruler who ruled in Russia for the longest time starting from 1762 up to the year of her death in 1796. She used liberal ideas of the Englightement to modern Russia's law. Thus, the answer is letter A. 

The second , larger puritan colony of massachusetts bay was conceived as a "city upon a hill". but it also struggled with internal turmoil like the salem witch trials and external conflicts like king philip's (metacom's) war.