"How did the expansion of the Roman Republic affect small farmers?

Small farmers bought more land, allowing them to move into a higher social class.
Small farmers could not compete with higher levels of production from large estates.
Small farmers lost income because their farms were not connected to cities by roads.
Small farmers became more profitable because they had fewer expenses than large estates.

The expansion of the Roman Republic affected small farmers as small farmers could not compete with higher levels of production from large estates.

Option: B

Explanation:

Small farmers of Roman republic were affected by the other large farmers. Large farmers used modern technologies to enhance their production level which was not affordable to small farmers so they could not compete with higher levels of production from large estates.

Estates refers to the holdings of land specialized for producing specific crops. Small farmers become bankrupt in the competition with large farmers and they were loser by this expansion of Roman republic. Small farmers could not be able to join with higher classes.

b

Explanation:

they remained in rural areas and worked at jobs such as lumbering or farming.