Write a paragraph in which you explain the difference between the following: a. enumerated power b. reserved power c. concurrent power d. implied power

In addition, the U.S. Constitution grants Congress certain enumerated powers, listed in Section 8 of Article I. These powers cover a wide range of subjects, among them the authority of Congress to tax, spend, and borrow. All remaining powers belong to the states. However, the division of state and federal power is not as definitive as it might appear.The powers of Congress are augmented by the recognition that it possesses implied powers in addition to enumerated powers. Implied powers are not specifically mentioned in the U.S. Constitution, but are derived from the necessary and proper clause of Article I, Section 8. The U.S. Supreme Court has long recognized the existence of implied powers. For example, the commerce clause empowers the federal government to “regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States…”  This now extends to an array of activities unimagined by the Framers of the Constitution and outside the scope of what most people originally considered interstate commerce. A broad interpretation of Article I’s ambiguous language, combined with the necessary and proper clause, has made the enumerated powers a springboard for increased federal authority over state and local policies

the answer is b.2008 and 2012 were presidential election years.