Charlemagne was related to Frankish king, known for his "hammering" of opponents?

Louis XIV

Pope Urban I

Charles Martel

Charles de Gaulle

The ancient greek city-state of sparta was run as an oligarchy , meaning

The most remarkable thing about life in the trenches is the incredible number of rats. the whole area is infested with them. no matter what you did, you can't keep them out. they get incredibly fat on all the food they steal from us. they are revolting to look at - some are the size of cats. background information: this is a journal entry from a soldier fighting on the western front. which statement best describes how this soldier felt about the trench rats? a.) he was disgusted by them. b.) he thought they were . c.) he thought they were annoying. d.) he thought they were cute.

How did the byzantine culture influence russia?