A major concern related to higher education’s business model is that colleges and universities cannot or will not control their cost increases. In for-profit industries when productivity goes up, salaries usually go up. This is different in public education.

Based on the excerpt, how is higher education different from for-profit industries?

Salaries in higher education are higher because of business costs.
Salaries in higher education are based on productivity.
Salaries in higher education are lower because of business costs.
Salaries in higher education are based on additional factors.