How were the reactions of African and Muslim rulers to imperialism similar? How were they different?

The similarities and differences are given below.

Explanation:

Both of them opposed European colonization attempts. Muslim people first attempted to revitalize although many Africans didn't seem, and had been forced to surrender their territories.

Similarities are as follows:

⇒ Each needed to update to either the better or benefit of that nation.

Differences are as follows:

⇒ Africa made colonial rule inevitable.

⇒ Islamic countries have not allowed colonial rule.

in 32-page handwritten address, washington urged americans to avoid excessive political party spirit and geographical distinctions, in foreign affairs he warned against long-term alliances with other nations. the address was printed in philladelphia's american daily advertiser on september 19, 1796

the correct answer is b.