A primary contribution of Arab scholarship was the:.a. creation of original contributions in the areas of astrophysics and geology. b. preservation and dissemination of the science and philosophies of ancient civilizations. c. invention of paper. d. discovery of the rings of Saturn. e. establishment of the university system of study.

The answer is "Option b"

Explanation:

The key and primary aim of scholarships are to provide learners with financial support to follow their studies and achieve their goals without the need for any barriers in life. It offers service to those that don't have the resources to handle the educational expenses. It retains and promotes the sciences and ideologies of civilizations, and the wrong option can be described as follows:

the right choice would be a. culture within the city-state. c. loyalty to the police. d separation by land and sea.

it the big letter b heart my answer