During the Civil Rights Movement, there was a riot across nations. The enslavement of Africans might be the most prominent instances of inhumanity in United States history, with toxicity leeching even on the most innocent of people due to plethoras of pseudoscience deeming people with a little more melanin than others as a whole other species. The abolition of slavery did not alter the medieval mindsets which permitted discrimination to continue, even as far as government-approved m*rders referred to as lynches. This rebellion gave birth to the opening of lips which had been previously shut tight by a lack of education and a new life of labor. Without the likenesses of Luther King and Kennedy, a g*nocide may never have ended. This paper will discuss how a movement allowed birds to fly once more, starting with the bird who made the others realize her wings were clipped, mister Crow. Â
Jim Crow was the face of the r*cial caste system which initially operated primarily in southern and border states from the 1870s to the mid-60s. The malevolent corvid was beyond just a set of laws, and it defined the middle and upper classes life, a dr*nkard mascot representing a whole group of people, a species d*mned to be enslaved by the Lord himself. Craniologists, eugenicists, phrenologists, and Darwinists, at every educational level and financial standing, maintained the belief that Africans were innately inferior to Europeans. pro-separatist politicians gave formal speeches on the great threat of integration: the mongrelization between creature and human. Journalists for high-class papers frequently referred to blacks as n*ggers, c*ons, and other such slurs, and worse, their articles reinforced the notion that a pest must be eradicated. Looking at these codes from a modern lens can be appalling; that is until one realizes who was the government majority for the South.
Crow etiquette operated with Crow black code. When most people discuss Jim Crow, they think of official laws and not the etiquette, which excluded blacks from public transport, job opportunities, and homes. The passages from the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments of the Constitution granted African Americans the same civil protections as whites. However, after the election of Republican Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877, border and southern states began limiting the liberties of blacks once more with even the Supreme Court helping to ignore the Constitutional protections granted to blacks with the infamous Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) case, which validated Crow laws and Crow formalities.
In 1890, Louisiana permitted the "Separate Car Law," which allegedly aided passenger comfort by creating "equal but separate" vehicle transportation for African Americans and Caucasians. These claims were completely false as no public accommodations, including rail travel, provided blacks with equal quality of travel. Louisiana laws made it illegal for blacks to sit in seats reserved for Caucasians, and vice versa. In 1891, a group of African Americans decided to challenge the shackles the Jim Crow law stained on America. The highlight of the case was mister Homer A. Plessy, who was classified as seven-eighths European and one-eighth African American (therefore, black). He sat in a white reserved railroad coach and, without question, was arrested. Homer's lawyer argued that LA did not have the legal rights to label citizens' ethnicities for the purpose of immorally restricting their rights as citizens of the country. The Court stated that so long as state governments provide the legal process and legal freedoms for blacks equivalent to those granted to whites, they shall maintain separate institutions to implement those rights. The Court, by a 7:2 vote, reinforced the LA law, declaring separative apartheid did not create an abrogation of equality. Plessy represented the characterization of two societies: one white and auspicious; the other, black, adverse, and anathematized.
