What was the role of pawnbrokers in the high middle ages?
making loans in exchange for political power
making loans in exchange for property
exchanging artisan goods for currency
exchanging one type of currency for another

necessary and proper clause. the congress shall have power to all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states, or in any department or officer thereof.

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