What effects did the Civil War have on the relationship between the federal government and the states?

It was fought over the issue of national supremacy versus states' rights. It settled that the national government was supreme, its sovereignty derived directly from the people, and thus the states could not lawfully secede from the Union.

Explanation:

the  equal rights amendment  (era) states: "equality  of  rights  under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of sex." congress first introduced the era in 1923, but the campaign for ratification took off in the 1960s during the  civil rightsmovement.

a. always outside of government control.