Fraud is an intentional deception or misrepresentation that an individual knows to be false or does not believe to be true and makes knowing that the deception could result in some unauthorized benefit to himself/herself or some other person.

Explanation:

Fraud can be defined as the intentional misrepresentation of a fact  , it is the  intentional deception to secure unlawful and unfair gain is called Fraud.  It can violate civil and criminal law and the violator can be imprisoned or prosecuted  by government agencies.  

The fraud can be considered as an element of criminal and civil wrong even if it has not caused loss of legal right, property or money.  The purpose of fraud is to get benefit or any type of monetary gain,  

Bank account takeover, voter fraud Internet fraud are some of the different types of frauds.  

relations between the soviet union and the united states were driven by a complex interplay of ideological, political, and economic factors, which led to shifts between cautious cooperation and often bitter superpower rivalry over the years. the distinct differences in the political systems of the two countries often prevented them from reaching a mutual understanding on key policy issues and even, as in the case of the cuban missile crisis, brought them to the brink of war.

the united states government was initially hostile to the soviet leaders for taking russia out of world war i and was opposed to a state ideologically based on communism. although the united states embarked on a famine relief program in the soviet union in the early 1920s and american businessmen established commercial ties there during the period of the new economic policy (1921–29), the two countries did not establish diplomatic relations until 1933. by that time, the totalitarian nature of joseph stalin's regime presented an insurmountable obstacle to friendly relations with the west. although world war ii brought the two countries into alliance, based on the common aim of defeating nazi germany, the soviet union's aggressive, antidemocratic policy toward eastern europe had created tensions even before the war ended.

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).