The city-state of athens is sometimes called the cradle of freedom . home of oligarchy . land of liberty . birthplace of democracy .

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It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful