The belief that our physical environment is the chief factor influencing human thoughts, behaviors and actions is called?

Environmental Determinism

Explanation:

Environmental determinism has its roots in the study of geography which determines the relationship of environmental factors and human culture and society. It is the idea that the environment influences the patterns of human culture and social growth, most prominently its physical factors like landforms and climate. Proponents of this theory claim that the sole responsibility for human cultures and individual decisions rests with economic, climate and geographical influences.

an economic reason that the south needed a reconstruction plan is that plantations, factories, and other businesses were destroyed during the war.