during the middle ages, a family worked in a trade for generations, with fathers training sons and passing knowledge along bloodlines. masons learned how to carve elaborate gargoyles; glaziers made intricate stained-glass windows. these skilled workers were organized into guilds, and on a construction site, guild workers were highly esteemed while lower-level unskilled workers completed simple routine tasks. all laborers were paid.

his specialty did not fall under masonry or glazing.
he had signed a contract forgoing payment in exchange for on-the-job training.
he was not born into a family of skilled laborers.
he did not pass the necessary exams to qualify for guild membership.