How did mechanization of farm equipment lead to urbanization during the
industrial revolution?

The mechanization of farm equipment was a direct cause of urbanization during the Industrial Revolution. It was so because the Industrial Revolution led to the loss of jobs in the rural areas and the creation of work labor demand in the cities.

The birth of a working class in the cities caused their immense growth in size and complexity.

Cities then became home to the rising working class that made factories produce, and to the middle and upper classes who owned factories. They became centers for studying, politics, economics.

civil disobedience, refusal to obey the demands or commands of a government or occupying power, without resorting to violence or active measures of opposition