Which statement best describes the effects of nationalism in europe?

1.it created a lack of trust and often obstructed negotiations in europe.
2.it created a universal patriotism for all europeans.
3.nationalism created a wave a optimism and acceptance internationally.
4.nationalism had no impact on europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

2 - It created a universal patriotism for all Europeans.

Explanation:

The term is used to describe the sentiment and attitude that members of a nation have when forming a national identity. In the 19th century, this idea take form in several movements in Europe, such as the Germanism, Pan Slavism, and the Revanchism. Each of these movements attempts to unite their people based on the idea of representativity, and cultural or language proximity.

basic principles: federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, representative democracy, limited government, rule of law, individual rights and responsibilities, consent of the governed, majority rule, popular sovereignty, equal protection.