Why did the thirteen british colonies become an independent nation?

In 1774 the First Philadelphia Congress was held, in which the settlers drafted a document protesting the intolerable laws and sent them to the English. However, the government did not give in, and on July 4, 1776, the Second Philadelphia Congress took place, in which the colonists broke with the English, proclaiming their independence, with George Washington as the leader of the troops. England once again did not give in and the War of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies began. With French support, the colonies won in 1781 and their independence was recognized in 1783.

In 1787, a constitutional charter was enacted, which made the country a Presidential Federative Republic, with George Washington as its first president; it ensured civil rights and freedom and divided power into executive, legislative and judiciary. However, this freedom was relative, as slavery continued, women did not have the same rights as men, and Indians continued to be driven from their lands.

Even with their independence, the colonies continued to diverge in politics and economics, leading to conflicts that led to the Civil War.

islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]