25.
which idea differentiates the protestant doctrines of calvinism and lutheranism?
rejection of saints, indulgences
belief in predestination
rejection of papal rule
belief in purgatory

The correct answer is: belief in predestination.

Explanation:

Predestination is a doctrine based on the theory that all events are god's will regarding the eventual fate of the individual soul.

 Calvinism is a branch of Protestantism that emphasizes the rule of god over all things. This branch of Protestantism was named after the French reformer Jean Calvin. Calvinism supports absolute predestination by which some people are destined for eternal grace, and others for eternal punishment. Calvinism admits that faith leads towards salvation, and it doesn't admit the church tradition as the source of faith.

Lutheranism is a branch of Protestantism, named after a German monk, theologian, and reformer Martin Luther. Lutheranism admits the doctrine of justification only by grace through faith and based on Scripture. Lutheranism takes Scripture as the ultimate authority in all matters of faith.

Unlike Calvinists, Lutherans do not believe in a predestination to punishment. They believe Christians can be assured that they will be among the predestinated, and they do not admit that some people are predestined to salvation and others to be punished. For Lutherans, the punishment is a consequence of the sins and rejection of forgiveness.

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