41. the cities of _and kiev grew primarily as a result of the
development of trade routes.

- "the past is made of multitudinous items ranging from anything that can be collected, recollected or assessed to originate in the past. as such, the past is a gallimaufry of particulars that may not have been related in any way. however, the human mind seeks organization to understand concepts and other things. the human mind therefore seeks relationships in explaining and studying the past. history being a humanity, dictates that historians have to serve this human trait by bringing structure to details of the past. historians do this by creating interpretive frameworks that capture as many details as possible."

< 3

he armenian genocide, also known as the armenian holocaust, was the ottoman government's systematic extermination of 1.5 million armenians, mostly citizens within the ottoman empire.

explanation:

what are the options so i can answer it

number 1 is a)