The thirteenth century had witnessed the development of the philosophical belief that the secular and spiritual worlds were rational, organized, and comprehensible to human beings. in the fourteenth century, william of ockham:

William of Ockham proposed that the spiritual and secular worlds were different, since the former was "above rationality, and the latter was merely rational.

Explanation:

Ockham proposed that human reason could attain some truths without the need of universal concepts, which means that each individual mind could create concepts of things. However, the mind cannot know some truths about the human being, except through revelation which is given by God and not through human reason. So the spiritual order is above rational reasoning, while the secular order is in the realm of human reason.

bismarck believed in using force

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the court ruled that a state law that banned abortions (except to save the life of the mother) was unconstitutional

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