Which of the following is the first step in the amendment process under the constitution?
a. proposal and debate of a new idea
b. house of representatives passes a new proposal
c. senate votes on whether they will hear a new proposal
d. ratification of at least three-fourths of the state legislatures

B

Explanation:

Step 1: Two-thirds of both houses of Congress pass a proposed constitutional amendment. ... o Step 1: Two-thirds of state legislatures (34 states) ask for Congress to call “a convention for proposing amendments.” o Step 2: States send delegates to this convention, where they can propose amendments to the Constitution

france,russia and prussia had absolute monarchy and it meant:

when louis xiv inherited the throne, he was able to serve as his chief minister.louis xiv ruled as an absolute monarch.