Which of the following was a continuity in the development of african states in the period circa 1200—1450

african states such as ethiopia maintained close contacts with south and east asian states across the indian ocean but rarely had contacts with europe.

a

despite geographical barriers, some african states were able to maintain diplomatic and cultural contacts with the broader afro-eurasian world.

b

most african states rejected traditional forms of international diplomacy, such as dynastic marriages and tribute payments.

c

african states needed to maintain friendly diplomatic relations with europe in order to expand their empires.
d

Despite geographical barriers, some African states were able to maintain diplomatic and cultural contacts with the broader Afro-Eurasian world.

Explanation:

The continuity of the diplomatic relationships allow trade during 1200-1450 which help the development of what is known as the Swahili coast market.  

This Market integrated the following countries:

Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Somalia, Comoros.

The trade had the following dynamic, African countries would sell gold, ivory, species and the Arabs, would sell finished products from china and species from India.

This trade with eurasia was vital in this period to develop the african nations.

sloppy toppy ?

hope this !

-payshence

russia because it is the biggest state