What was the attitude of ming china towards outsiders and outside trade? was there any indication under the ming dynasty that china might reconsider its isolationist policies?

The attitude: Ming Dynasty would accept outsiders trades only if they respect and follow the trade laws imposed by the Chinese emperor.

Any consideration: No, any consideration, because the foreign influence was a government concern, and outsiders' culture could be a threat to Chinese culture.

Explanation:

The first Europeans arrived in China in 1543 bringing spices and Christianity with them (in the case of the Portuguese). They were well received by the Ming Dynasty - the Chinese rulers at that time. But soon became clear that Europeans were refusing to accept the taxes imposes by the Chinese government under Europeans trade. To the mercantilist way of think, those taxes were not only unfair but illegal to free trade. Beyond the economic concerns, the Ming Dynasty began to look worried about the Christianism that was gradually winning terrain and influencing several generals, leaders, and lords. This could be a problem because soon they would contest the Emperor rule. The problem with Christians and the economic differences made China close its harbor.

The Ming Dynasty earned a lot of money from trading goods to the Europeans. Unfortunately when Ming Emperor Yongle died the so did funding and interest in exploration, travel, and large scale trade with other countries. China was isolated after that point which left the Indian Ocean open for a new ruler.

Explanation:

:)

i believe the answer to your question is b. pay your bills early

after the roman empire, the catholic church began to unify by taking on many duties of a government.