What is the significance of the sabbath for early followers of judaism?

It was considered a holy day of rest. So nobody tried to do anything strenuous or real work.

c. women being denied the type of education men received

the pogroms became known as kristallnacht, the "night of shattered glass," for the shattered glass from the store windows that littered the streets. the morning after the pogroms 30,000 german jewish men were arrested for the "crime" of being jewish and sent to concentration camps, where hundreds of them perished.