1) what happened when japan rejected a trade agreement by the u. s government?

The US used military force to force trade with them.

The United States and Japan could be headed toward a more limited ... nations, initially refused to strike a separate deal with the United States, ... But it's moving along very nicely, we'll see what happens,” the president said.

Explanation:

the tariff was created to protect industry in the northern part of the united states. industries in the north were being driven out of business by imported goods that were priced at a low rate. the goal was to protect these industries   by taxing the goods.