Which of the following beliefs is most characteristic of the enlightenment of the 17th and 18th centuries?

a. the authority of the church is higher than that of the king. b. people are inherently good and need little governance. c. people are better off working independently of one another. d. humanity can be improved through rational change.

C.People are better off working independently of one another.

Explanation:

The Enlightenment was a cultural and intellectual movement, primarily European, that was born in the mid-eighteenth century and lasted until the early years of the nineteenth century. He was especially active in France, England and Germany. It inspired profound cultural and social changes, and one of the most dramatic was the French Revolution. It was named in this way for its stated purpose of dispelling the darkness of the ignorance of humanity through the lights of knowledge and reason. The eighteenth century is known, for this reason, as the Century of Lights and the establishment of faith in progress.

The thinkers of the Enlightenment argued that human knowledge could combat ignorance, superstition and tyranny to build a better world. The Enlightenment had a great influence on scientific, economic, political and social aspects of the time. This type of thinking was expanded in the bourgeoisie and in a part of the aristocracy, through new means of publication and dissemination, as well as meetings, held at the home of wealthy people or aristocrats, in which intellectuals and politicians participated in order to expose and debate about science, philosophy, politics or literature.

france,russia and prussia had absolute monarchy and it meant:

when louis xiv inherited the throne, he was able to serve as his chief minister.louis xiv ruled as an absolute monarch.

the progressive era is a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the united states that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s.[1] the main objectives of the progressive movement were eliminating problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption.

the movement primarily targeted political machines and their bosses. by taking down these corrupt representatives in office, a further means of direct democracy would be established. they also sought regulation of monopolies (trust busting) and corporations through antitrust laws, which were seen as a way to promote equal competition for the advantage of legitimate competitors.

many progressives supported prohibition of alcoholic beverages, ostensibly to destroy the political power of local bosses based in saloons, but others out of a religious motivation. at the same time, women's suffrage was promoted to bring a "purer" female vote into the arena.a third theme was building an efficiency movement in every sector that could identify old ways that needed modernizing, and bring to bear scientific, medical and engineering solutions; a key part of the efficiency movement was scientific management, or "taylorism".

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