Which of these is a close-ended question?
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a. how did your ancestors come to the united states of america?
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b. did your extended family live close to you when you were a child?
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c. what reasons did your father have for deciding to go to college?
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d. why did your mother decide to get a job after you started school?

Interest groups representing businesses and investors are often among the most successful lobbying groups for all of the following reasons, except a. such groups have the financial resources to mount sustained campaigns on their own behalf b. these groups' members contribute heavily to many legislators' campaigns and in so doing gain greater access to legislators c. these groups have often been in existence for decades, allowing them to both master the legislative system and develop close ties with legislators d. the members of these groups make up the majority of voters in many districts