What caused urbanization during the industrial revolution?

The need for labor in industries and the reduction in the number of workers in the countryside

Explanation:

Before the industrial revolution, there was no country where the urban population predominated. People go to the urban environment for opportunities to improve their lives, jobs, school, things not always found in small rural villages. The city can be associated with a complex productive unit, producing a wide variety of goods and services, being permanently in search of economies of scale, and always exerting a strong attraction to human beings.

c or d both can be the answer

b. ensure mutual protection from communism.

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