How did muslim scholars preserve learning from the ancient world

After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire, Christian mobs, often led by the bishops, set about burning all literature that did not support the objectives of the Church. Many ancient texts were lost forever, as were nearly all the Gnostic Christian texts, at least until the Nag Hammadi disciveries of the twentieth century.

In large parts of the Middle East, the Nestorians and Jacobites, who had been excluded from the Orthodox Church for alleged heresy, were outside the reach of Rome and were therefore free to follow their somewhat more tolerant teachings. By the time of the Muslim conquest, many of the most important ancient texts had survived under the protection of the Eastern Churches. The Nestorians and Jacobites continued to flourish for some centuries under Islamic rule, and provided many of the scholars of the early Islamic empire, teaching Muslim scholars the fundamentals of Greek scholarship. Whereas the Catholic-Orthodox Church had feared the damaging effect of non-Christian literature on innocent minds, the Muslims had no such concerns and made no attempt to destroy the ancient texts.

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