One magazine reports that u. s. consumers pay more than $300 billion a year on products to cover the manufacturers' liability costs. this amounts to a staggering $4,000 per household. on a specific basis, product liability costs account for $11.50 of every $12 dose of vaccine we give our children, and over $100 of the cost of a football helmet.

This excerpt is violating the guidelines for the use of statistics because it does not identify the source of statistics, it is only stating some information but it does not clarify where the information was taken or how it was taken, therefore, the information can't be taken seriously.

disequilibrium means that either supply is greater than the demand for an available good, or that the demand for a product outstrips the available supply. it implies that the price for a is either too low creating large demand, or too high creating a large surplus of supply.