How did enlightenment thinkers and writers set the stage for revolutionary movements?

Revolutions are defined as drastic changes in specific areas of a culture.  They can be of a political, economic, or social nature and always involve tremendous shifts in the way things are traditionally carried out.   The Enlightenment (or the Age of Reason) was a period when great thinkers were questioning the absolute control of monarchs and calling for democratic principles and the upholding of basic human rights.  Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu, among others, were calling for changes in power, authority, governance, and law.  People became more familiar with what their rights were and how those rights were being violated because of these political thinkers. One of the first political revolutions to occur because of Enlightenment thinking was the American Revolution of the late 1700's.  The rights and liberties of American colonists were being compromised by the British government and a revolution occurred because of it, thus establishing the United States of America.  The French Revolution          L'Ouverture led the revolt in Haiti to cast out French influence.  L'Ouverture's inspiration? the French Revolution. Nationalism would also be the driving force behind the revolutions of Latin America.  The issue behind the episodes of the 19th century involved the shedding of Imperial control from Europe, as was the case in the American Revolution.  Some notable personalities include Simón Bolívar, José de San Martín, and Toussaint L'Ouverture.  Bolívar and de San Martín both raised armies to drive the Spanish out of South America to establish autonomous governments. Heraclitus of Ephesos, and, in a lesser way, to three of his predecessors -- Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes, all of whom hailed from Miletus, which, like Ephesos, is on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor.

Together these Ionian thinkers of the sixth and late fifth centuries brought about one of the most significant revolutions we know of, one that set the civilized world on a path that -- with minor and not so minor deviations -- it has followed ever since. What they did, to put it boldly and over simply, was to invent critical rationality; for the theories they advanced, whether on the nature and origins of the cosmos or on ethics and politics, were not offered as gospels to be accepted on divine or human authority or, like Hesiod’s cosmology, on the authority of the Muses but as rational products to be accepted or rejected on the basis of evidence and argument.

Science thinkers are no exceptions in making people to accept new theories.  Especially copernicon theory caused a revolution in the thinking of a rotating earth.  Until then people thought earth does not move around.

3. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), by Thomas Kuhn, is an analysis of the history of science. Its publication was a landmark event in the sociology of knowledge, and popularized the terms paradigm and paradigm shift.   Kuhn's book argues that the evolution of scientific theory does not emerge from the straightforward accumulation of facts, but rather from a set of changing intellectual circumstances and possibilities. This Glasses Eliminates Opposing Glaring Headlight. Drivers are wearing these new night vision glasses to help anti-glare and avoid any accident.

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