Which of the following are universal religions?
i. christianity
ii. hinduism
iii. islam
iv. judaism
i and ii
i and iii
i and iv
ll and iii
ii and iv

the answers are 1 and 4

i believe the answer would be 1.

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

roosevelt believed that in light of the country's recent military successes, it was unnecessary to use force to achieve foreign policy goals, so long as the military could threaten force. this belief, and his strategy of “speaking softly and carrying a big stick,” shaped much of roosevelt's foreign policy.