What is the railroad/ shipping tycoon?

What country was the philippines declaring independence from in this proclamation?

Why might collective bargaining fail, causing a union to go on strike? a the union agrees with the boss about wages. b the boss compromises about work hours. c the factory goes out of business, causing the workers to lose their jobs. d the boss refuses to address dangerous working conditions in the factories.

In the latter stages of the civil war who was given the responsibility of winning the war for the north