if a fair representation of the people be not secured, the injustice of the government will shake it to its foundations

what did randolph mean when he wrote “shake it to its foundations”?

express government’s highest ideals
overthrow and then rebuild government
return government to its original purpose
weaken or destroy government

By "shake it to its foundations” Edmund Randolph meant 'weaken or destroy government'.

Explanation:

Edmund Randolph was an advocate of the equability of states in the representation at the level of the United States Congress. He proposed that if the people are not given equal rights to represent, it would be an utter injustice to them and it would be very harmful to the government. He believed that the government being biased towards some states with less population yet same representation would turn the government weak and eventually destroy it.