Categorizing judeo-christian/greco-roman terms and
phrases
directions: using the information from the previous pages, place the following
term in the correct category on the chart. terms may be used more than
once. it is ok to use the letter and not write the entire term or phrase.

a) monotheistic
9) belief in the bible
b) polytheistic
r) idea of three major types of
c) offered a written language (latin), a government started here (oligarchy,
legal system, and well-run cities democracy, monarchy)
d) believed in freedom of speech s) beliefs found in the torah
e) outgrowth of judaism
t) original sin was atoned for by god
f) logic was the key to happiness
giving his son
g) adherence to the law was superseded u) had problems with monotheistic
by faith in christ as the path to god religions
h) the most important aspect of society v) origin of democracy
was to obey and respect authority w) 10 commandments (list of religious
i) all humans are born equal and
and moral imperatives)
should be treated equally by the law x) good works are just as important as
do not believe in the concept of hell; belief in god
they believe in a heaven but it is not y) every member of society should do
the focus
the job he/she was designed to
k) citizens must obey the laws of the perform
state
z) used reason and intelligence rather
1) belief in a messiah (jesus)
than superstition to discover
m) logos - each and every event, predictable patterns
physical and historical, has a place aa) an individual is a citizen in a state
within a larger rational order
rather than the subject of a ruler
n) socrates, plato and aristotle bb) taught individual worth, ethical
o) god judges a person based on their standards, and the need to fight for
whole lifetime of actions and beliefs injustice
p) granted religious tolerance as long as cc) rule of law
they (conquered people) also honored
their gods

the bar kochba rebellion (132-135) against the roman empire, also known as the second jewish-roman war, was the second major jewish revolt in judea and the last of the great jewish-roman wars.

after the first jewish-roman war of the years 66-73, the roman authorities took measures to crush any new attempt of rebellion in judea. his political situation was modified and instead of a prefect a governor of praetorian rank was appointed, and in the ruins of jerusalem the seat of a complete roman legion, the legio x fretensis was established.

the political and religious direction of the jewish people was left in the hands of the sanhedrin, with initial headquarters in yavne.

the direct causes of the rebellion vary according to the source. the roman historian dio cassius (155-229) attributes the revolt to the decision of hadrian to found in the place of jerusalem a roman city called aelia capitolina (aelia by its own name and capitolina in honor of the roman god jupiter). on the other hand, the jewish sources, while recognizing this resolution as true, assign higher priority to the decrees dictated by hadrian that forbade the brit milah (circumcision), the respect of the sabbath and the laws of purity in the family.

hadrian's intention was to "civilize" and incorporate the jews once and for all into the greco-roman culture. for greek and roman culture, circumcision was an intolerable mutilation.

the jewish tradition tells in the midrash tanjuma a meeting between rabbi akiva and the governor turnus rufus, where he asked for an explanation about the circumcision.

an additional legion, the legio vi ferrata, moved to the province to maintain order, and work began in the year 131 after the governor of judea, turnus rufus performed the founding ceremony of aelia capitolina. a roman coin with the inscription aelia capitolina was struck in the year 132.

the tannaim rabbi akiva, who without being named nasi directed the sanhedrin, convinced the other members to support the imminent rebellion.

the jewish leaders carefully planned the second rebellion to avoid the numerous errors that had been committed in the first one. in the year 132 the rebellion led by bar kochba quickly expanded from modiim throughout the country, defeating the x roman legion based in jerusalem and destroying the xxii roman legion that had come from egypt.

b.provides a written record of the transaction